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The Teacher Learner Cycle
August 14, 2005
Rev. Nancy Doughty


I want to thank Misty Sheehan and the Sunday Service Committee for inviting me to speak and thank Maura Brennan for assistance with the setting.

A special thanks goes to Sally Mitchell for the portraits of Sophia Lyon Fahs and Angus MacLean she has produced this week! And for the many other thoughtful and artistic renderings of our religious heritage Sally has created over several years. Sally you are a gem!

I anticipate the topic this morning may take you on a journey in reflecting on your own learning-teaching cycle. So, if you leave me to examine that path then I count this a worthy event.

Being a grandparent of young children has reinforced my sense of the centrality of parenting for children to learn about trust and love and grow in all the dimensions of their lives. Granted there is nothing new or earth shaking in this knowledge, but it has spurred me to reflect on how I parented and think about how my parents nurtured me. When I see my daughter and son-in-law caring for, laughing, encouraging, setting limits and teaching their two young sons, I think they have far exceeded what I did as a parent. I am grateful and amazed at the cycle of teaching – learning we are engaged with throughout our years and over generations.

I try to imagine what a shock it must have been to my parents to have two daughters arrive during the depression when the doctor had predicted that our mother was carrying one large boy. Many of you know that my identical twin sister and I were the only children in an active Universalist family in a small town in Ohio. It was a religious protected environment in that our childhood friends attended the Universalist Church and only in my teen years did I discover others in the community held conservative religious ideas. My primary and continuing religious education occurred in my home with my parents. Whether my parents knew of this awesome responsibility as religious educators I can only speculate. I only know our mother was instrumental in extending our vision beyond the local church because we attended summer UU camps throughout our teen years.

It was in the church school we were introduced to Sophia Lyon Fahs. Oh, she was not there in person. And yet she was. She was the unseen and omnipresent teacher in our classroom each Sunday. She was unseen teacher in thousands of church school classrooms in Unitarian Universalist churches for decades. Her presence was visible in every curriculum book used. She was present as author or co-author. She was present as editor of other books she did not write. But most import she was present as the visionary in the creation of the entire New Beacon curriculum series. A curriculum series of over 40 books that extended from pre-school through high school. A curriculum series that was treasured for 40 years. Before you are some of the curriculum books with supplemental materials in that series. Books used by this congregation retrieved from storage boxes. The old book smell lingers among them!

Perhaps what is most amazing is that Sophia was 61 years old when she became Curriculum Editor for the Unitarians in 1937. And she was 88 when she fully retired in 1964, and then lived on to be 101.

Before Sophia came on the scene, religious education was didactic with almost exclusively Bible stories offered to the youngest through teens. Was she ever a breath of fresh air…one could say a cyclone. It was her belief that children were born with religious instincts, that children were naturally curious about the world around them…that children had capacities for cognitive thinking and ethical growth. And she believed in experiential and experimental learning for all ages.

My favorite curriculum from childhood was all the beginning of life and death, earth and sky stories. Creation stories from many cultures…Native Americans, African tribes, Aboringinals, Scandinavian cultures… that led us to wonder about the creation of the world and where life came from and what happened after death. Those beginning stories took us on imaginary journeys to other times and people, introduce me to other eras and places. I suspect my curiosity and appreciation for the natural world, for history and for the exploration of ideas were nurtured in a mysterious way because of Sophia. Unfortunately, none of the Beginning books are before you today.

Sophia also promoted the inclusion of science in religious education believing there was no clear separation of the two. She believed that science, studied in a religious context, would help children develop a sensitivity to the deep mystery of life and introduce them to the vast outreaches of the unknown. I think it is no accident that some of our current Unitarian Universalist principles reflect the seeds she planted decades ago that have been incorporated in our religious philosophy.

Perhaps the most contentious area Sophia confronted in our religious movement was the place of Biblical material in religious education.

For her the Bible was to be a source book. One among many. Stories of Moses, Joseph, Abraham, Jesus were presented within the historical and cultural context times they were written. She believed investigations into Biblical material should be taken up after exposure to beginning stories from other cultures. She was a stickler for intellectual integrity and Biblical scholarship in writing curriculum for children.

Oh, that Sophia was here today to preach to the intelligent design and creation advocates in our society. Which leads me to ask where are our religious leaders in giving voice to our views in the Religion-science-Biblical criticism tug of war? We do have a long-standing intelligent position to defend. Where are the spokespersons in our Association?

Having visits from our young grandsons vividly reminded me how curious, experimental, persistent and adventuresome children are. Always, children were the focus for Sophia. Whether she was teaching teachers and ministers about children’s developmental needs or stages or writing curriculum, it was nurturing children’s spiritual life she held dear. I suspect she never forgot the poem her 11year old daughter Ruth wrote:

Where is the really, really me?
I’m somewhere, I know, but where can that be?
I’m not my nose, nor my mouth, nor my eye.
And I’m not my feet, nor my legs, nor my thigh.
I’m not my hand, nor my arm, nor my hip.
And I’m not my teeth, nor my tongue, nor my lip.
I’m sure I’m not my elbow or knee—
Oh, w
here am I? Oh, where can I be?

Afterward, Sophia wrote, “How can a child really grasp the significance of the invisibility of God (you can substitute your own word) until he/she has first realized the invisibility of his/her own real psyche?”

At 13 Ruth suddenly died from polio. Afterward Sophia wrote, “No religion could inspire, that did not include sorrow and tragedy. Life had no special protective privilege to grant to anyone. Had it not been for this personal tragedy, I would never have had the courage, I believe, to think of putting the word ‘death’ on the title page of a children’s book.”

The reading “Living” on the front of the order of service I believe is a summation of Sophia’s reverence for this mysterious gift of life, that includes death, and the confidence she held that each of us was up to discovering our own “me” within the vastness of the this place we call home.

Before I even started theological school I only knew Sophia Fahs through books and stories others told of her. On just two occasions did I converse with Mrs. Fahs. Once while a student at theological school, the other when I visited her in a retirement facility when she was in her late nineties. She was a striking presence. It was in 1974 when more women were entering our ministry and she wanted to talk about women studying for ministry and religious education.

On the other hand my learning from Angus H. MacLean was person to person. In fact it was because of Angus’s reputation as a religious educator that I chose St. Lawrence University in 1958 to study for the UU ministry. Angus and Sophia had been on parallel paths in their shared philosophy about religious education for decades. They each believed an hour each week was too short a time to explore and experience any religious idea. They shared a correspondence, but surprisingly rarely met face to face.

While Sophia was writing curriculum, it was Angus who taught the countless men, and a few women like me, about how children were to be valued in their ministry and how religious education curriculum was to be used in the church school. Decades ago children were an afterthought in church life and most clergy knew little about child development. Gratefully that has changed somewhat, but attitudes and patterns die slowly. Especially when theological education for ministers even today is sorely lacking in life span RE. curriculum.

Angus, a Scots Presbyterian from Nova Scotia, was a teacher without peer. From him I learned that the teacher is an integral part of the curriculum…to teach fairness one must be fair, to teach about loving one’s neighbor one must demonstrate love. He believed ethical values were demonstrated in the interaction of people, not in talking about them in the abstract. His pamphlet, “The Method is the Message” has kernels of truth in it that are worthy of our attention today.

When Angus wanted to teach about valuing the earth he might take a class birdwatching or to a dump to see the abuses heaped on our earth. He taught with stories and through personal experiences. Always insisting there be planned time for reflection and conclusions reached if there was any chance of learning taking place. In other words, he demanded a critical component be present in our learning experiences. Taking time for reflection, I suspect, is the component most likely absent from personal and church life.

Angus was what I call a wise loving person….he thought deeply and carefully and urged his students to do likewise, not making hurried judgments or drawing hard and fast conclusions. He was a gentle man. Except when he was cheering for his favorite hockey team when his voiced would be raised several decimbals and his wife might need to restrain him.

Angus insisted the arts be utilized in religious education, whether it be music, painting, ceramics, or impromptu plays. He was an artist himself painting many good landscapes he often gave to students. Well do I remember one class when his assignment was to create a play with puppets. We were to choose the theme, write the script, make the puppets for the play. It was to be a group effort. Initially frustration and chaos was in full gear as we argued what the theme and story line would be. Argued over the written script. Making the puppets and props was a major frustration for some. After weeks the play was completed and rehearsed and finally given with relief and pride. I have thought the joy we knew of a job well done is echoed in all group achievements at whatever age level they occur.

Why given this assignment? As ministers many situations in congregations we would serve might be frustrating and chaotic until clear goals were established, then tasks delineated and finally tasks assigned and shared according to participants talents.

Most of Sophia and Angus’s attention was regarding the creation of church school curriculum and the teaching of that curriculum.

Upon retirement Angus turned his attention to how the church can help families in their religious education endeavors. Long had we professed that parents were the first and most influential religious educators. Long had he ruminated about how families teach religious values. He wanted to explore ways in which the church could assist those parents who wanted to be more intentional and reflective of how they parented. He was interested in how and who in families choose the use of vacation time, extra-curricula activities, when and how meals are shared and how families celebrate anniversaries, to name a few.

In other words he was interested in how families experience a sense of togetherness, of loyalty, of cooperation and of love for each other. He wondered how families express attitudes about civic responsibility? About charities and causes and the church? He hoped congregations would support those parents who wanted to explore being more thoughtful in religious nurture at home. On the Internet I discovered a paper Angus wrote in 1960, the year of his retirement, “Home Patterns in Religious Teachings”. It is a treasure trove of his musings and wisdom about how the church and families might collaborate in developing a deeper more thoughtful religious education enterprise.

Unfortunately, in the 40 years since Angus wrote his observations there has been little interest by our Association and/or local congregations for examining let alone implementing a program for parents. I confess I don’t have ready-made answers of how a program would look. But I do believe resurrecting and studying Angus’s paper, “Home Patterns in Religious Teaching” is one way to begin. A small group of parents, including grandparents, may be intrigued enough to take up the challenge.

If we believe, “You who are a parent are the greatest teacher of religion”, as was written decades ago, then we owe it to parents to support them with more than words. Keeping the church school program vital is as important as it always has been. I do not suggest less emphasis on it.

Let’s acknowledge too, parents and their task, as religious educators are worthy of our thought and action. Each family has its own lifestyle patterns, each family has its treasury of stories to draw on through good times and bad, each family has its rituals, symbols and art it lives with and is nurtured by. How can we support families in examining the resources intrinsic to their lives? To life them up for reflection and even sharing. To my knowledge this inquiry with parents is an untrod path waiting to be walked.

Years ago Sophia Fahs wrote, “There is never an end to our trying the untried after all our failures in striving. Fling wide the windows, O my soul! The bright beams of morning are warm.” What better way to remember Sophia than trying the untried while continuing the unfinished learning Angus suggested many years ago.


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